Jan 28, 2026 · NASA’s Earth-observing satellites help scientists identify atmospheric rivers, which enables studies of climate change, water management, and weather.

Humidity is a measure of water vapor in the atmosphere. There are measures of absolute humidity, which is the grams of water vapor present per cubic meter of air. Specific humidity is the grams of …

Jan 28, 2026 · Air mass/density is a fundamental property of atmosphere. Mixture of gases forming Earth's atmosphere, consisting of nitrogen (∼78%), oxygen (∼21%), water vapor, and other trace …

Jan 28, 2026 · NASA data help researchers characterize processes occurring within Earth’s atmosphere and their interactions with its land, ocean, and ecosystems.

NASA's Atmospheric Science Data Center projects focus on Earth science disciplines including radiation budget, clouds, aerosols, and tropospheric composition.

Jan 27, 2026 · NASA's carbon monoxide data track historical and near real-time levels of this pollutant, enabling studies of air quality and atmosphere composition.

Climate The Global Climate Observing System (GCOS) has identified a set of 54 atmosphere, land, and ocean variables as Essential Climate Variables (ECVs). The atmosphere ECVs cover both surface …

Launched in 2002, the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) instrument aboard NASA’s Aqua satellite provides 3D measurements of temperature, water vapor, trace gases, and surface and cloud …

Jan 28, 2026 · Lightning research has come a long way in the past few decades. Looking back at Space Shuttle lightning experiments in the 1980s, we now have a better understanding of why lightning …

Jan 28, 2026 · Discover and Visualize Atmospheric Winds Data NASA data help us understand Earth's changing systems in more detail than ever before, and visualizations bring these data to life, making …