Kidney function tests are simple blood and urine tests that can identify problems with your kidneys. These tests can estimate your glomerular filtration rate (GFR), which indicates how quickly your ...

Natural selection uses duplicated genes as raw material for functional innovation, co-opting their existing features to new functions. Understanding genetic innovation requires two questions to be ...

Females are more immunoreactive than males and, although sex hormones have an important role in immune functions, the X chromosome is fundamental in shaping sex-specific immune responses. X-linked ...