Any organism is a by-product of both its genetic makeup and the environment. To understand this in detail, we must first appreciate some basic genetic vocabulary and concepts. Here, we provide ...

When you see a dominant trait, the underlying genetic make-up can still be ambiguous. See how researchers use test crosses to find out the genotype behind the phenotype. The test cross is another ...

For the majority of common human diseases, only a small fraction of the heritability can be attributed to known genetic variation. A widely held hypothesis is that the remaining heritability can be ...